SARS MERS, Sf9 Active

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012, MERS-CoV, MERS, MERSCoV SP, Spike glycoprotein, S glycoprotein, S, Spike protein, E2, Peplomer protein

SARS MERS Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 1285 amino acids (18-1296 aa) and having a molecular mass of 141.6kDa. SARS MERS is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Sf9, Baculovirus cells.

The SARS MERS solution (0.25mg/ml) contains 10% glycerol and Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4).

Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.
Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).
Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA with Human DPPIV/CD26 (CAT# enz-1187).

YVDVGPDSVK SACIEVDIQQ TFFDKTWPRP IDVSKADGII YPQGRTYSNI TITYQGLFPY QGDHGDMYVY SAGHATGTTP QKLFVANYSQ DVKQFANGFV VRIGAAANST GTVIISPSTS ATIRKIYPAF MLGSSVGNFS DGKMGRFFNH TLVLLPDGCG TLLRAFYCIL EPRSGNHCPA GNSYTSFATY HTPATDCSDG NYNRNASLNS FKEYFNLRNC TFMYTYNITE DEILEWFGIT QTAQGVHLFS SRYVDLYGGN MFQFATLPVY DTIKYYSIIP HSIRSIQSDR KAWAAFYVYK LQPLTFLLDF SVDGYIRRAI DCGFNDLSQL HCSYESFDVE SGVYSVSSFE AKPSGSVVEQ AEGVECDFSP LLSGTPPQVY NFKRLVFTNC NYNLTKLLSL FSVNDFTCSQ ISPAAIASNC YSSLILDYFS YPLSMKSDLS VSSAGPISQF NYKQSFSNPT CLILATVPHN LTTITKPLKY SYINKCSRLL SDDRTEVPQL VNANQYSPCV SIVPSTVWED GDYYRKQLSP LEGGGWLVAS GSTVAMTEQL QMGFGITVQY GTDTNSVCPK LEFANDTKIA SQLGNCVEYS LYGVSGRGVF QNCTAVGVRQ QRFVYDAYQN LVGYYSDDGN YYCLRACVSV PVSVIYDKET KTHATLFGSV ACEHISSTMS QYSRSTRSML KRRDSTYGPL QTPVGCVLGL VNSSLFVEDC KLPLGQSLCA LPDTPSTLTP RSVRSVPGEM RLASIAFNHP IQVDQLNSSY FKLSIPTNFS FGVTQEYIQT TIQKVTVDCK QYVCNGFQKC EQLLREYGQF CSKINQALHG ANLRQDDSVR NLFASVKSSQ SSPIIPGFGG DFNLTLLEPV SISTGSRSAR SAIEDLLFDK VTIADPGYMQ GYDDCMQQGP ASARDLICAQ YVAGYKVLPP LMDVNMEAAY TSSLLGSIAG VGWTAGLSSF AAIPFAQSIF YRLNGVGITQ QVLSENQKLI ANKFNQALGA MQTGFTTTNE AFQKVQDAVN NNAQALSKLA SELSNTFGAI SASIGDIIQR LDVLEQDAQI DRLINGRLTT LNAFVAQQLV RSESAALSAQ LAKDKVNECV KAQSKRSGFC GQGTHIVSFV VNAPNGLYFM HVGYYPSNHI EVVSAYGLCD AANPTNCIAP VNGYFIKTNN TRIVDEWSYT GSSFYAPEPI TSLNTKYVAP QVTYQNISTN LPPPLLGNST GIDFQDELDE FFKNVSTSIP NFGSLTQINT TLLDLTYEML SLQQVVKALN ESYIDLKELG NYTYYNKWPH HHHHH.

SDS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have caused significant outbreaks with severe respiratory illness in recent years. The spike proteins of these viruses play a crucial role in viral entry and host cell recognition. This research aims to explore the structure, function, and implications of SARS and MERS spike proteins in viral pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions. Understanding the mechanisms of viral entry can provide valuable insights into the design of effective antiviral strategies.

Structure and Function of SARS and MERS Spike Proteins:

The spike proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are trimeric glycoproteins located on the viral surface. They consist of S1 and S2 subunits, with the S1 subunit responsible for receptor binding and the S2 subunit involved in membrane fusion. The spike proteins contain key domains, including the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the fusion peptide, which mediate the interactions with host cell receptors and membrane fusion during viral entry.

Interaction with Host Cell Receptors:

The SARS-CoV spike protein primarily interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is expressed in various tissues, including the respiratory tract. The binding of the SARS-CoV spike protein to ACE2 is crucial for viral entry into host cells. Similarly, the MERS-CoV spike protein interacts with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor, which is predominantly expressed in the lungs and other tissues. These receptor interactions determine the host range and tissue tropism of the viruses.

Implications for Viral Pathogenesis:

The interaction between the spike proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and their respective receptors initiates a cascade of events leading to viral entry and replication. The binding of the spike protein to the receptor triggers conformational changes that expose the fusion peptide, facilitating membrane fusion and viral entry into host cells. The specificity and affinity of the spike-receptor interaction play a critical role in determining viral tropism, disease severity, and transmission dynamics.

Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Spike Proteins:

The spike proteins of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV present attractive targets for the development of antiviral interventions. Various approaches have been explored, including the development of neutralizing antibodies that specifically target the spike proteins and inhibit viral entry. Additionally, small molecule inhibitors and peptide-based therapeutics are being investigated to disrupt the spike-receptor interaction and block viral entry. Vaccine development efforts have also focused on generating immune responses against the spike proteins to prevent infection.

Challenges and Future Directions:

Although significant progress has been made in understanding the structure and function of SARS and MERS spike proteins, several challenges remain. The emergence of novel coronavirus variants necessitates continuous surveillance and adaptation of therapeutic strategies. Additionally, potential cross-reactivity and immunogenicity concerns need to be addressed to ensure the safety and efficacy of spike protein-based therapeutics.

Conclusion:

The study of SARS and MERS spike proteins provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of viral entry and pathogenesis. Understanding the interactions between spike proteins and host cell receptors is crucial for the development of effective antiviral strategies. Further research on spike protein structure, receptor binding, and fusion mechanisms is essential to combat current and future coronavirus outbreaks. By unraveling the complexities of viral entry, we can pave the way for the development of novel therapeutics to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and related coronaviruses.