Apolipoprotein A1 Human

Apolipoprotein A1 Human

Apolipoprotein

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  • Name :

    Apolipoprotein A1 Human

    Description:

    Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant

    Apolipoprotein A-I, Apo-AI, ApoA-I, APOA1, MGC117399.

    Product # :

    CYT-750

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    Quantity :

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    Shipped at Room temp

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  • description
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  • formulation
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  • More Info

Description

Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 243 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 28.1kDa.The APOA1 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Source

Escherichia Coli.

Formulation

The APOA1 protein was lyophilized from a 0.2µm filtered concentrated solution in PBS, pH 7.4.

Purity

Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

More Info

  • Introduction

    APOA1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) is a human protein with a specific role in lipid metabolism being the main protein component of HDL in the plasma. APOA1 promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion. Furthermore, APOA1 is a cofactor for LCAT, which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. In addition, APOA1 activates spermatozoa motility as part of the SPAP complex. The APOA1 gene is strongly linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in the APOA1 gene are linked to HDL deficiency including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. High levels of APOA1 are linked to the manifestation of asthma and atopy.

  • Synonyms

    Apolipoprotein A-I, Apo-AI, ApoA-I, APOA1, MGC117399.

  • Physical Appearance

    Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

  • Stability

    Lyophilized Apolipoprotein A-I although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below -18°C. Upon reconstitution APOA1 should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

  • Solubility

    It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized APOA1 in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.

  • Amino Acid Sequence

    DEPPQSPWD RVKDLATVYV DVLKDSGRDY VSQFEGSALG KQLNLKLLDN WDSVTSTFSK LREQLGPVTQ EFWDNLEKET EGLRQEMSKD LEEVKAKVQP YLDDFQKKWQ EEMELYRQKV EPLRAELQEG ARQKLHELQE KLSPLGEEMR DRARAHVDAL RTHLAPYSDE LRQRLAARLE ALKENGGARL AEYHAKATEH LSTLSEKAKP ALEDLRQGLL PVLESFKVSF LSALEEYTKK LNTQ.

  • Background

    Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Cardiovascular Diseases

    Abstract:


    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid profiles, is a significant risk factor for the development of CVDs. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the primary protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as the "good cholesterol." ApoA-I plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport, promoting the efflux of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for elimination. Recombinant ApoA-I offers a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing HDL functionality and reducing CVD risk. This research paper aims to provide an overview of ApoA-I human recombinant, its production methods, and its therapeutic applications in cardiovascular medicine.

    Introduction


    Cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia
    Role of apolipoprotein A-I in reverse cholesterol transport
    Potential of ApoA-I human recombinant as a therapeutic agent

    Structure and Function of Apolipoprotein A-I


    Primary structure and domains of ApoA-I
    Functional properties of ApoA-I in reverse cholesterol transport
    Interaction with other lipoproteins and cellular receptors

    Production of Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant


    Expression systems for recombinant ApoA-I
    Biotechnological methods for large-scale production
    Purification and characterization of recombinant ApoA-I

    Therapeutic Applications of Apolipoprotein A-I Human Recombinant


    Promotion of reverse cholesterol transport
    Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
    Enhancement of endothelial function
    Cardioprotective effects in animal models

    Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives


    Phase I and II clinical trials
    Challenges and limitations
    Future directions and potential therapeutic combinations

    Conclusion


    Summary of the potential of ApoA-I human recombinant as a therapeutic agent for CVDs
    Importance of ongoing research and clinical trials

    What is the molecular weight/Mw of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein has a total Mw of 28.1kDa.

    What is the source or expression system of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    Escherichia Coli.

    What is the Purity of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein is >98% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.

    What is the Biological Activity of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    The biological functionality of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein will be determined in the future.

    What is the amino acid sequence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    DEPPQSPWD RVKDLATVYV DVLKDSGRDY VSQFEGSALG KQLNLKLLDN WDSVTSTFSK LREQLGPVTQ EFWDNLEKET EGLRQEMSKD LEEVKAKVQP YLDDFQKKWQ EEMELYRQKV EPLRAELQEG ARQKLHELQE KLSPLGEEMR DRARAHVDAL RTHLAPYSDE LRQRLAARLE ALKENGGARL AEYHAKATEH LSTLSEKAKP ALEDLRQGLL PVLESFKVSF LSALEEYTKK LNTQ.

    What applications can APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein be used in?
    APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein can probably be used in western blot, ELISA and Lateral Flow.

    What is the endotoxin level for APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein?
    The endotoxin level is minimal, APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 Protein was purified using conventional chromatography techniques.

ProSpec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.

Apoa1

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Frequently asked questions

1. Which company offers Recombinant cytokines at competitive prices?

ProSpec offers vast array of cytokines such as Interferon-alpha | Interleukin-2 | TNF-alpha | BMP-2 and much more at affordable descent prices to meet academic budgets.
ProSpec provides High Purity cytokines for 30 years, purity exhibits 95% or more by SDS-PAGE gel.
Cytokines are in stock for immediate delivery via FedEx which enables scientists and researchers to perform immediate experiments.
Cytokines are shipped globally using ProSpec’s custom tailored Styrofoam insulated box and premium ice packs that ensure maximum protein stability during transit to your laboratory.

2. Where can i find biologically active cytokines?

ProSpec offers biologically functional cytokines such as Adiponectin | Cardiotrophin | Beta Defensin which are rigorously tested in-vitro to provide researchers world wide BioActive Cytokines.

3. What is the activity validation method for Cytokines?

ProSpec uses cell-based bioassays that measures the biological activity, for example:
Adiponectin is validated using AMPK phosphorylation assay, glucose uptake assay.
Angiopoietin is validated using Endothelial tube formation assay, Tie2 phosphorylation assay.
Apolipoprotein is validated using Lipid-binding assay, receptor-binding assay.
Beta Defensin is validated using Antimicrobial assay.
Betacellulin is validated using Cell proliferation assay (EGFR-positive cells).
Bone Morphogenetic Protein is validated using Alkaline phosphatase induction assay.

4. Is the cytokine full length or partial?

The cytokine proteins are both full length and partial while majority of them are active mature proteins rather than a full-length precursor. ProSpec active mature proteins exhibits higher expression yields, better stability, Easier purification and Equivalent biological activity as full length precursor.

5. Is the cytokine monomeric or dimeric form?

This depends on the cytokine. ProSpec cytokines are supplied in the native biologically active oligomeric state, which can be monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or even multimeric since because receptor binding and biological activity often depend on correct oligomerization.
The interleukin and interferon protein family are usually provided as monomer proteins though adiponectin and TNFSF8 are supplied as homodimers.

6. What is the cytokine purity and how was it determined?

The cytokine purity ranges from high purity of ≥95% to premium grade ≥97%.
ProSpec uses SDS-PAGE Coomassie Blue Staining as the primary purity method which Visualizes protein bands. Some SDS-PAGE gels are stained with Silver Stain. Other analytical methods include RP-HPLC [ High-resolution purity determination ] , SEC-HPLC for the detections of aggregates and fragments and Western Blot to confirm cytokine identity.

7. Is the cytokine sequence verified?

The amino acid sequence verification is performed at DNA & protein level.
Sanger DNA Sequencing verifies the expression plasmid having correct coding.
LC-MS is used to verify the molecular weight of the final purified cytokine
Prospec also uses Edman N-terminal Sequencing to determine the amino-terminal sequence.

8. What is the endotoxin level in cytokines and how do you test LPS ?

ProSpec cytokines are tested for endotoxin also named LPS [ lipopolysaccharide ] which is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria which can affect cytokine secretion, cell proliferation and stem cell.
ProSpec measures endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate [ LAL ] assay such as Gel-Clot.
ProSpec standard Endotoxin level for cytokines is usually <1 EU/ug.
What Does "EU" Mean? EU = Endotoxin Units

9. Is there host cell protein contamination?

There might be a minor existence of host-cell proteins post chromatography purification and quality-control procedures that greatly minimize these impurities. ProSpec tests host-cell protein levels by SDS-PAGE silver staining, or mass spectrometry.

10. Is the protein tested in vitro, in-vivo cell culture, stem cells, T cells, ELISA, western blot?

PoSpec Growth Factors proteins are usually tested for biological activity and identity, while some proteins are not though supported by literature and customer experience. Interleukins are tested in T-cell, NK-cell, PBMC, stem cell culture. Interferons are tested in Antiviral assays, immune-cell activation, TNFA proteins are tested in Apoptosis, inflammation and immune studies. ProSpec does not conduct in-vivo or animal injections experiments in house or our source.